In Tagalog and its standardized form Filipino, Ë is used to represent the schwa, particularly in words originating from other Philippine languages, for instance Maranao (Mëranaw), Pangasinan, Ilocano, and Ibaloi. [324] The Muslim Albanians are spread throughout the country. During this period, the country experienced an increasing industrialisation and urbanisation, a rapid collectivisation and economic growth which led to a higher standard of living. [274] The latter questions the validity of the census data about the Greek minority, due to the fact that measurements have been affected by boycott. When all three corridors are completed, Albania will have an estimated 759 kilometres (472 mi) of highway linking it with all of its neighboring countries.
In many editions of Latin texts, the diaeresis is used to indicate that ae and oe form a hiatus, not a diphthong (in the Classical pronunciation) or a monophthong (in traditional English pronunciations). In 1949, a new Decree on Religious Communities required that all their activities be sanctioned by the state alone.[101]. [128] In the southeast rises the Lake of Ohrid that is one of the oldest continuously existing lakes in the world. in the word "reëntry", the feminine name "Chloë" or in the masculine name "Raphaël"), or at all - like in the name of the Brontë sisters, where without diaeresis the final e would be mute. [261] Over 1 million people are concentrated in Tirana and Durrës, making it the largest urban area in Albania. The bulk of the tourist industry is concentrated along the Adriatic and Ionian Sea in the west of the country. [265], Albania recognises nine national or cultural minorities: Greek, Macedonian, Wallachian, Montenegrin, Serb, Roma, Egyptian, Bosnian and Bulgarian peoples. After being militarily occupied by Italy from 1939 until 1943, the Kingdom of Albania was a protectorate and a dependency of the Kingdom of Italy governed by Victor Emmanuel III and his government. The first attested traces of neanderthal presence in the territory of Albania dates back to the middle and upper Paleolithic period and were discovered in Xarrë and at Mount Dajt in the adjacent region of Tirana. The deelteken in this case has only a historical background; the archaic form of reën is regen and the deelteken indicates that the g was removed. In the field of education, illiteracy was eliminated among the country's adult population. The highways and motorways in Albania are properly maintained and often still under construction and renovation. These include the ancient remains of Butrint, the medieval Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastër, and Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region site shared with North Macedonia since 2019. [190] As part of the pre-accession process of Albania to the European Union, farmers are being aided through IPA funds to improve Albanian agriculture standards.[191]. The Albanian people inhabited the west of Lake Ochrida and the upper valley of River Shkumbin and established the Principality of Arbanon in 1190 under the leadership of Progon of Kruja. [330][331], The country's national motto, Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar ("You Albania, you give me honour, you give me the name Albanian"), finds its origins in the Albanian National Awakening. [299] 69,995 people (2.5%) were irreligious while 386,024 (13.79%) did not declare their religion. After the fall of communism in 1991, human resources in sciences and technology in Albania have drastically decreased. Involving the introduction of Ottoman architecture there was a development of mosques and other Islamic buildings, particularly seen in Berat and Gjirokastër. [94] Soviet-Albanian relations began to deteriorate after Stalin's death in 1953. Albania has been an active member of the United Nations since 1955. [36] After Agron's death in 230 BC, his wife Teuta inherited the Ardiaean kingdom. The estimates vary between 60,000 and 300,000 ethnic Greeks in Albania. [296] As of 2003 Greek was offered at over 100 private tutoring centers all over Albania and at a private school in Tirana, the first of its kind outside Greece. At this point, they were mostly Christianised. The overall life expectancy at birth is 78.5 years; 75.8 years for males and 81.4 years for females. With the fall of Constantinople, the Ottoman Empire continued an extended period of conquest and expansion with its borders going deep into Southeast Europe.