General Rüdiger von der Goltz was called "the true Regent of Finland." The events of the general strike in November 1917 deepened suspicion and mistrust, and put the possibility of compromise out of reach. The moderate left aimed to put political pressure on the non-socialists to include a large number of Social Democratic members in the new cabinet. "The Finnish Revolution 1917–1918. [26], The February Revolution offered the Finnish Social Democrats momentum: they had the exceptional absolute majority in the Parliament and a narrow dominance in the Senate. [60], The Finnish Civil War was fought primarily along the railways, the vital means of transporting troops and supplies. The Åland islands, located south-west of Finland, held a strategically vital position in respect to Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. White firing squad executing Red soldiers in Länkipohja, Längelmäki. Enclaves of the opposing forces existed on both sides of the front line: within the White area lay the industrial towns of Varkaus, Kuopio, Oulu, Raahe, Kemi and Tornio; within the Red area lay Porvoo, Kirkkonummi and Uusikaupunki. This soon produced around 50% turnouts for the Social Democrats. ISBN, Lackman, Matti (2000). 2007, 12–35. Some talented men with a high sense of responsibility such as Hugo Salmela rose up to take the lead, but in the end they could not change the course of the war, and the fate of the Red troops. The role of the Swedish speaking upper-class was important due to its long-term influence in economy, industry, administration, military and the former class system.

Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. Subsequently, the German Baltic Sea Division of 10,000 men, commanded by Major General Rüdiger von der Goltz (1865–1946) and the detachment Brandenstein comprising 3,000 men, commanded by Colonel Otto von Brandenstein (1865-1945), landed in southern Finland. The true scale of the White terror was not acknowledged until the 1960s. 243, 249; Vares 1998, 58, 96–99. Several political groups with different opposition policies arose; the most radical one, the activist movement, led to covert collaboration with Imperial Germany during World War I.[6]. The number of Russian soldiers active in the Civil War declined markedly once Germany attacked Russia on 18 February 1918. Mannerheim recognized the lack of combat skills of the Finnish Red Guards, and he leaned on the high military skills of the Finnish Jägers. The battle for Tampere was fought between 16,000 White and 14,000 Red soldiers, and it was the decisive action of the war and the largest military engagement in Scandinavian history to that point. The grand plans of the German Empire had come to nothing, and revolution had spread among the German people due to lack of food, war-weariness, and defeat in the battles on the Western Front. [31] Art, Music, Literature, Sports and leisure, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Finnish_Civil_War&oldid=1004221, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. The Tampere City Hall was among the last strongholds of the Red troops. On 15 January, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, a former, competent, general of the Imperial Russian Army, was appointed supreme commander of the White Guards, and on 25 January the Senate renamed the White Guards the Finnish White Army.

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