Gravity pulls matter into stars and galaxies creating sufficient heat to splits atoms which then fuse to form helium nuclei setting up a counter force to gravity. 1.7 billion years – Evolution of the first eukaryotes +10 million years â Gas giants had largely formed, probably much closer to the Sun than at present 4.54 billion years Accretion of planetesimals into the Earth It's a story about us.
The spaces where people lived and worked were now created by humans who had now moved out of nature. A virus is a non-living replicator. The mantle drifts on the fluid as the continents move relative to one-another (continental drift).
We are not sure how life and DNA originated but it occurred in a chemically diverse environment with water, gentle energy flows, and no free oxygen. Where to begin? They frame the story and help you navigate through it. Sustainability.
The universe. Similar forms are replicated based on genetic material passed from generation to generation. . 3.8-3.9 billion years – Late heavy bombardment observed in the lunar record BB 13.8 billion years BP â an object smaller than an atom at a temperature of trillions of degrees expands giving rise to everything that is in the universe today It then enters into a resonance with Saturn, and moves to current orbit Settled communities produced task specialization and more sophisticated technology, division of labour, hierarchical social structures, scribes to write and maintain commercial and other records, local and external markets. BB + 1 second â expansion slows and different energies emerge (gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak forces holding atomic nuclei together) matter emerges (dark matter, and atomic matter consisting of quarks and electrons) The Next 3 Minutes – The Universe cools to the point that hydrogen and helium nuclei form from quarks (that formed into protons and neutrons)
Big History seeks to retell the "human story" in light of scientific advances by such methods as radiocarbon dating, genetic analysis, thermodynamic measurements of "free energy rate density", along with a host of methods employed in archaeology, anthropology, and world history. . 2.5 billion years – Photosynthesizers increase percentage of oxygen in the Earthâs atmosphere, less resistant organisms die off The Land; Telling the story; Big History; A global context; About the author; Contents; Index; Sustainability. There are 8 fundamental thresholds of Big History: Origins, Stars and Galaxies, Molecules, Earth, Life, Why humans?, Agriculture and the Modern Revolution. Each threshold marks a step in increasing complexity. 560 million years after the Big Bang – The first stars flare into life with galaxies forming soon after (approximately 500 million years after the Big Bang Until a few decades ago it was assumed that the universe had always been in existence, a theory known as the Steady State Universe advocated by the English physicist Fred Hoyle. 3.5 billion years Fossil evidence for the earliest single-cell life The Industrial Revolution (typically 1750-1850 but now expanded to about 300 years) encompasses the transition from subsistence living to mechanization, wealth per capita, and growth with energy as a crucial factor. 4.4 billion years – Oldest preserved zircon grains 4.56 billion years – Formation of the solar system Historians are unsure about whether culture and social factors or materials and economic factors are more important in this transition which involves at least five major changes: Our interpretation of these events falls into two extreme camps: an optimistic view that sees industrialization as the source of liberty, wealth, and happiness with people generally better educated and more healthy, and a pessimistic view that sees it as a means of oppressing peasants, workers, and native populations, the source of climate change and environmental degradation and also the source of ultimate doom of growth is not contained within environmental limits. .
Get your official Big Historian sticker showing off your success. . 3 minutes after the Big Bang – The formation of hydrogen and helium nuclei 3.9 billion years – A 2:1 resonance between Jupiter and Saturn causes Neptune to leap outside Uranusâs orbit, and they both migrate into the outer solar system, causing a massive disruption in the Kuiper and precipitating the late-heavy bombardment First published on the internet – 1 March 2019, A few million tyears after the Big Bang there is uniform distribution of dark matter, energy, hydrogen, and helium atoms but very slight gradients in temperature.